Hepatorenal syndrome: current diagnostic and therapeutic concepts

Hepatorenal syndrome: current diagnostic and therapeutic concepts: "Splanchnic vasodilatation, diminished effective arterial blood volume and consecutive sodium and water retention are commonly found in patients with advanced cirrhosis. However, only a minority of these patients develops hepatorenal syndrome. Typically, a clinical situation aggravating these changes and/or reducing cardiac output—a so-called ‘second hit’—is required to induce hepatorenal syndrome."

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